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The Cross of Honour of the German Mother ((ドイツ語:Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter)), referred to colloquially as the ''Mutterehrenkreuz'' (Mother’s Cross of Honour) or simply ''Mutterkreuz'' (Mother’s Cross), was a state decoration and civil order of merit conferred by the government of the German Reich〔Statutory Legislation of the Deutsches Reich: Verordnung des Führers und Reichskanzlers über die Stiftung des Ehrenkreuzes der Deutschen Mutter vom 16. Dezember 1938. Reichsgesetzblatt (RGBI) Teil I, 1938, Nr. 224, Seite 1923 (In English: Statutory Order of the Leader and Chancellor on the establishment of the Cross of Honour of the German Mother of 16 December 1938. Reich Law Gazette (RGBl) Part I, 1938, No. 224, Page 1923).〕〔Statutory Legislation of the German Reich: Satzung des Ehrenkreuzes der Deutschen Mutter vom 16. Dezember 1938, Reichsgesetzblatt (RGBI) Teil I, 1938, Nr. 224, Seite 1924 (In English: Statute of the Cross of Honour of the German Mother of 16 December 1938, Reichs Law Gazette (RGBl) Part I, 1938, No. 224, Page 1924)〕 to honour a ''Reichsdeutsche'' German mother for exceptional merit to the German nation.〔〔Statutory Legislation of the German Reich: Durchführungsverordnung zur Verordnung über die Stiftung des Ehrenkreuzes der Deutschen Mutter vom 16. Dezember 1938, Reichsgesetzblatt (RGBI) Teil I, 1938, Seite 1926 (In English: Executive Order to the Statutory Order on the Establishment of the Cross of Honour of the German Mother of 16 December 1938, Reich Law Gazette (RGBl) Part I, 1938, No. 224, Page 1926)〕 Eligibility later extended to include ''Volksdeutsche'' (ethnic German) mothers from, for example, Austria and Sudetenland, that had earlier been incorporated into the German Reich.〔 The decoration was conferred from 1939 until 1945〔Stadtarchiv Solingen (In English: State Archives Solingen): Findbuch (B Burg an der Wupper 1653-1975) RS 2.1.1.1., A. Allgemeine Verwaltung, A.01. Landeshoheitssachen, Kgl. Haus, Ordensverleihungen, Nationalfeiern, 11. Antrag auf Verleihung des Ehrenkreuzes für kinderreiche Mütter, Organisation durch die NS-Volkswohlfahrt 1939-1944 (In English: Index (B Burg an der Wupper 1653-1975) RS 2.1.1.1., A. General Administration, A.01. Matters of Territorial Sovereignty, Royal House, Conferral of Honours, National Days, 11. Application for bestowal of the Cross of Honour for children-rich mothers, Organisation through the NS-Welfare-Office 1939-1944)〕 in three classes of order, bronze, silver, and gold,〔〔Statutory Legislation of the Deutsches Reich: Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter, Reichsgesetzblatt (RGBl) Teil I, 1938, Nr. 224, Seite 1925, Anlage (Zum Artikel 3 der vorstehenden Satzung) (In English: Cross of Honour of the German Mother, Imperial-(Reichs) Law Gazette (RGBl) Part I, 1938, No. 224, Page 1925, Attachment Exhibit (to Article 3 of the preceding Statute))〕 to ''Reichsdeutsche'' mothers who exhibited probity, exemplary motherhood, and who conceived and raised at least four or more children in the role of a parent. A similar practice, that continues to this present day, was already established in France since 1920, by conferring the ''Médaille de la Famille française'' (Medal of the French Family), a tribute to the French mother who raised several children in an appropriate way. ==History== In recognition of the substantial importance a woman’s role and motherhood was in support of a strong German Reich nation,〔〔〔 the Cross of Honour of the German Mother was introduced by decree in Berlin on 16 December 1938 by Führer und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor) Adolf Hitler.〔 The preamble of the statutory decree declared: :As a visible sign of gratitude of the German nation to children-rich mothers I establish this Cross of Honour of the German Mother (Original text in German: ”Als sichtbares Zeichen des Dankes des Deutschen Volkes an kinderreiche Mütter stifte ich das Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter”).〔 The crosses were awarded annually on the second Sunday in May (Mothering Sunday or Mother's Day), but also extended to include other national annual occasions of celebration.〔There were sighted public exhibits of government issued deeds' of conferral (Besitzeugnis/Verleihungsurkunde) to recipient mothers for the Mother’s Cross on other national annual dates of celebration.〕 So despite its institution in 1938, the first awards were rendered in May 1939.〔Angolia, John R. ''For Führer and Fatherland: Political & Civil Awards of the Third Reich'', pp 67-69, ISBN 978-0912138169.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cross of Honour of the German Mother」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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